Hypothesis / aims of study
Postoperative urinary symptoms have a significant impact on the quality of life of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RPE). The most frequent urination symptom is stress urinary incontinence, which varies widely from 5 to 45% in publications of different authors [1]
According to the recommendations of the European Urological Association for the treatment of patients with urinary incontinence as a first-line therapy conservative treatment methods with the good safety profile are used. These include: behavioral therapy, training of pelvic floor muscles, electrical stimulation of pelvic floor muscles, biofeedback, magnetic stimulation. Extracorporal magnetic stimulation was first proposed for clinical use in 1998 in the United States by N. T. M. Galloway (Neocontrol, Neotonus, Inc,. Marietta, USA) [2]. In the literature presents data on the effectiveness of extracorporeal magnetic stimulation in women with stress urinary incontinence and pelvic muscle dysfunction [2]. Information on the use of this method in patients with urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy in literature is very few [3].
The aim of the work was to study the effectiveness of extracorporal magnetic stimulation in the treatment of urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy.
Study design, materials and methods
EXMS was performed to 27 patients with urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy, who suffered from urinary incontinence 3 months after removal of the urethral catheter and performing exercises for the pelvic floor muscles. Open retropubic prostatectomy was performed to 8 patient, laparoscopic prostatectomy was done 19 patients. All patients had a low or intermediate risk group for prostate cancer according to the D'Amico classification, no regional lymph node involvement, PSA level in 3 months after surgery was less than 0.2 ng/ml and there were no other signs of recurrence of prostate cancer. The mean age of patients was 65.7±7.1 years. Extracorporal magnetic stimulation was carried out using a system extracorporal magnetic stimulation of the pelvis "Avantron", manufacturer "Rehabilitation technologies", Russia. During the procedures patients sit on chair with magnetic field generator. Stimulation was carried out at a frequency of 10 Hertz for 10 minutes and at frequency 50 Hertz 10 minutes, 2-3 times a week, the course of treatment was 12 procedures, intensity of magnetic field selected individually to avoid unpleasant sensation during procedure. Maximal power of magnetic field is 0.4 Tesla. The effectiveness was evaluated by the dynamics of complaints of urinary incontinence, according to the micturition diary, International Conference on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ-SF) questionnaire
Results
In the control examination after 12 sessions of EXMS, urinary incontinence was maintained in 3 (11.1%) patients, 4 (14.8%) patients used 1 safety pad, and complete urinary retention was achieved in 20 (74.1%) patients. Analysis ICIQ-SF questionnaire find out significant improvement in symptoms and quality of life. The total score of ICIQ-SF scale after performing exercises for pelvic floor muscles decreased from 12.9±0.3 to 3.7=0.4 (p<0.05). The average score on the ICIQ-SF scale also decreased when answering questions about the frequency of urine leakage, its amount and the effect of urinary incontinence on daily life (p<0,05) (Fig 1 and Fig 2).
Interpretation of results
The extacorporal magnetic stimulation treatment lead to improvement in postprostatectomy stress urinary incontinence. This improvement was more fast and intensive that just doing pelvic floor exercises. The procedure was well tolerated, there were no any adverse events. The therapeutic effect, in our opinion, was caused by excitation of peripheral nerve fibers, contractions and training of striated muscles of the pelvic floor, smooth muscle elements of the bladder, urethra, blood vessels and improvement of microcirculation