Bacterial immunoprophylaxis emerges as an alternative to prolonged antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with recurrent urinary tract infections (RTIs). 

Aim: To evaluate the success rate of polybacterial vaccination and identify the clinical variables and comorbidities that act as predictive factors of the response to treatment.

A retrospective observational study was conducted on 339 female patients treated with MV140 or autogenous vaccines. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression was employed to determine the probability of vaccination success. The sample size was calculated using Epidat 3.1 software to compare the investigated groups according to the results after the application of the vaccine (ref 1) with a heterogeneity of 50%, margin of error of 5% and a confidence level of 95%. Descriptive and multivariate statistical analyses were performed, with significance set at p<0.05.

Ethical approval cod: PI 2025 03 1872, CEIm Ref. 2025/05.

The intervention resulted in negative urine cultures in 68.73% of patients. Of those with persistent microbiological activity, 69.81% remained asymptomatic (asymptomatic bacteriuria), and only 9.43% of the total sample presented clinical symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI). Early administration of the vaccine after an acute episode was associated with success (OR: 0.99; p=0.018). Conversely, the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR: 4.04; p=0.029), urge urinary incontinence (OR: 5.28; p=0.007), central neurological disorders (OR: 0.09; p=0.003), depression (OR: 5.28; p=0.007), and ischemic heart disease (OR: 18.68; p=0.004) were associated with a lower probability of negative cultures.

The results demonstrate robust efficacy, not only in eliminating the pathogen but also in modulating the inflammatory response, converting symptomatic infection into asymptomatic bacteriuria. Success depends critically on the absence of urinary or systemic dysfunctions that compromise local immunity.

The urinary tract infection (UTI) vaccine achieves negative urine cultures in 68.73% of patients, 21.82% present with asymptomatic bacteriuria, and 9.43% continue to meet the criteria for a UTI.
The UTI vaccine is more effective the sooner it is administered after an infection episode.
Factors associated with UTI vaccine failure include the presence of functional voiding disorders, such as dysuria, urinary retention, and urge incontinence; the co-occurrence of diabetes mellitus, central neurological disorders, and psychiatric disorders.

Suárez-Ibujes, M.-O. (2011). Calculation of the sample size. Ibarra, Ecuador, Universidad Técnica del Norte

Continence 19S (2026) 102531
DOI: 10.1016/j.cont.2026.102531