Uroflowmetry is a routine clinical method for evaluating lower urinary tract function. However, the conventional office-based gravimetric uroflowmetry only allows single and random measurements, and patients are susceptible to psychological and environmental interferences during the test, which impairs the authenticity of voiding detection. We hypothesized that a portable home-use uroflowmeter with high precision and dynamic monitoring capabilities could be developed by using flexible bending sensors as the core unit, to realize continuous monitoring of voiding function and accurately reflect patients' bladder function. On this basis, we constructed an internet platform for continuous health management in urology, which enables disease early warning and remote doctor-patient interaction, thus providing a novel intelligent assessment tool for lower urinary tract dysfunction.

(1) Device Design
An integrated portable uroflowmeter was developed and validated, which is palm-sized and integrated with a urine collection channel, a flexible pressure sensor, Bluetooth and MQTT transmission chips, and a signal processing unit. The device supports the measurement of 7 common clinical uroflowmetric parameters:
① Real-time curve of flow rate
② Maximum Flow Rate (Qmax)
③ Average Flow Rate (Qave)
④ Flow Time (FT)
⑤ Time to Maximum Flow (TQmax)
⑥ Voiding Delay Time (VDT)
⑦ Urine Volume (UV) per micturition
(2) Working Principle
A high-precision flexible bending sensor was used for real-time detection of urine flow rate. The collected data were transmitted to the internet hospital platform via Bluetooth and MQTT transmission chips, enabling remote review and online consultation by physicians.
(3) Validation Methods
A peristaltic pump was used to simulate four typical voiding patterns: normal, intermittent, slow, and fluctuating voiding, for curve reproduction tests. Durability tests, lifespan tests, and environmental temperature adaptability tests were conducted in an artificial urine environment to evaluate the stability and accuracy of the device.

1.	The device could accurately output 7 common uroflowmetric parameters and generate complete real-time flow rate curves.
2.	It successfully reproduced the four typical voiding patterns, and the detected curves were consistent with the output curves of the standard peristaltic pump and the data from clinical gravimetric uroflowmetry equipment.
3.	Durability, lifespan and wide temperature range tests were completed, showing stable signal output and measurement errors meeting clinical requirements.
4.	Cloud data transmission and connection with the internet hospital platform were realized, supporting a closed loop of home-based detection for patients and remote consultation for physicians.

This portable uroflowmeter achieves innovative breakthroughs in three dimensions: technical principle, device form factor, and doctor-patient interaction, breaking the limitation that traditional devices only allow single office-based detection. With excellent accuracy, stability and environmental adaptability, the device can meet the needs of long-term, continuous and private dynamic monitoring of voiding function in home settings, and provide objective and quantitative data support for screening, efficacy evaluation and chronic disease management of lower urinary tract diseases.

This study successfully developed an integrated portable uroflowmeter with the advantages of portability, high precision and remote interconnection. The device can fully output 7 common uroflowmetric parameters and accurately reproduce various voiding curves. It extends uroflowmetry from hospitals to homes, constructs a complete closed loop of "home-based monitoring - cloud data - remote diagnosis and treatment", and establishes an internet platform for continuous health management in urology, thus providing a revolutionary tool for the dynamic assessment and long-term management of lower urinary tract dysfunction.