Hypothesis / aims of study
During pregnancy, women encounter new terms and experiences, and the demand for information is often unmet by professionals, leading them to an accessible alternative: the internet. In light of this, this study is pioneering in analyzing the content available online for Brazilian pregnant and postpartum women regarding pelvic floor dysfunctions.
Study design, materials and methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted on social media (SoMe), collecting posts from the most used platforms in Brazil: Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, Facebook, TikTok, from January to March 2023. The research included terms such as "Cesarean", "Episiotomy," "Urinary Incontinence”, each keyword was entered into the search tool of the SoMes, adding only posts that were in Portuguese and contained informative text (in image or text format). The interactions of the audience with each post were quantified (likes, comments, and shares) and the posts were evaluated by an urogynecologist, and one physiotherapist specialized in urogynecology, who categorized them as "has scientific evidence," "does not have scientific evidence," "prefer not to opine”. The results were analyzed using the Kappa test and the absolute agreement was also calculated.
For on-line navigation, it is acknowledged that each algorithm will present the user with posts related to their preferences during recreational access. This algorithm works to gather as much user information, preferences, and disinterest to form a marketing network that favors content producers targeting this user's niche. Consequently, the use of incognito tabs in the Google Chrome browser (2022), which do not save search history during use, and accounts created solely for the purpose of this research, was deemed necessary.
Results
A total of 265 publications were collected, with Instagram (69.4%) and Facebook (20.4%) predominating. Healthcare professionals accounted for the majority of authors (75.8%), with 66% representing a group of doctors and physiotherapists. Among authors who identified as professionals, 14% did not specify their specialization (figure 1). Overall, Urinary Incontinence is the most frequent term found in Instagram and among all of the SoMes, followed by episiotomy. The most frequent topic is awareness about urinary incontinence and episiotomy, moreover, the three most frequent contents for each keyword were described, with pelvic physiotherapy occupying this position in all of them.
Regarding the analysis by professionals, there was only adequate agreement in publications about episiotomy; in other words, the agreement among professionals was very low. Beside that, the Kappa method was applied for the group of the most liked posts and the search found out there was a high agreement among the professionals in this scenario (figure 2). Furthermore, the posts were also grouped by their authors (physicians and physiotherapists) to evaluate the agreement between professionals regarding the information utilized by others in the same field. However, there was low agreement, as described by Kappa, among posts authored by physiotherapists and physicians alike (figure 2).
Interpretation of results
Terms such as Fecal Incontinence, Forceps and natural delivery are not commonly used in SoMes, fact that can represent how this illness are recognized in the field of OB/GYN professionals and not frequent spoken.
Despite the high number of health professionals authors, there is a small percentage of lay people that contributes to the amount of information available to patients, impacting directly the perception of definitions, diagnosis and treatment given by professionals during health appointments. Nevertheless, the majority of physicians and physiotherapists do not guarantee the quality of the spreaded information, in view of the disagreement between the evaluation.
The low agreement between physicians and physiotherapists reflects a discrepancy in knowledge and clinical approaches, which can result in significant harm to patients, as well as to the effectiveness of multidisciplinary healthcare and the validity of clinical research. This divergence underscores the importance of communication and collaboration among healthcare professionals to ensure the best outcome for patients and significant advances in the field of healthcare. Although a low agreement is observed in the overall assessment of the publications, it is important to note that in posts with higher audience engagement, there is greater concordance. Thus, at least in the most sought-after and highly approved publications, there is congruence between the opinion of the physician and the physiotherapist.