Personalized treatment, which tailors medical care to the unique genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors of individual patients, has become an increasingly important approach in urology.

This systematic review aims to evaluate the current state of personalized treatment strategies in urology, focusing on the role of genomics, precision medicine, and advanced diagnostic tools in optimizing care for patients with conditions such as prostate cancer, kidney disease, bladder cancer, and urinary tract infections. The goal of this review is to assess the effectiveness, clinical applications, and future potential of personalized treatments in the field of urology.

A comprehensive review of the literature revealed significant advancements and applications of personalized treatment strategies in urology:
	•	Prostate Cancer: Genomic profiling and molecular testing have become key tools in tailoring treatment strategies for prostate cancer patients. Several studies demonstrated how genetic testing of tumor samples allows for better risk stratification, selection of appropriate therapies (such as targeted therapies and immunotherapies), and personalized radiation regimens. Personalized approaches have resulted in improved survival rates and reduced unnecessary treatments, highlighting the importance of precision medicine in this area.
	•	Bladder Cancer: The use of molecular diagnostics in bladder cancer has enabled urologists to identify high-risk patients who may benefit from aggressive treatments or closer surveillance. Personalized care in bladder cancer has improved recurrence rates and survival outcomes, with studies supporting the utility of molecular profiling to guide treatment decisions.
	•	Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Personalized treatments for recurrent UTIs, based on microbiome profiling and individual antibiotic susceptibility testing, have been explored as an alternative to standard treatments. This approach has shown promise in providing more effective treatments, reducing recurrence, and addressing concerns related to antibiotic resistance.

While the evidence supports the efficacy of personalized treatments across various urological conditions, challenges such as accessibility, cost-effectiveness, and the integration of these strategies into routine clinical practice remain.

The findings demonstrate that personalized treatment strategies are increasingly shaping urologic care, with strong evidence supporting their clinical benefits. In prostate and bladder cancer, genomic and molecular profiling have enabled more accurate risk stratification and targeted therapies, leading to improved survival and reduced overtreatment. Similarly, individualized approaches to recurrent UTIs, guided by microbiome and antibiotic resistance data, offer more effective and tailored management. These advancements highlight the transformative potential of precision medicine in urology. However, widespread implementation is hindered by challenges related to cost, access to advanced diagnostics, and the need for seamless integration into everyday clinical workflows.

This systematic review highlights the significant advancements in personalized treatment within urology, demonstrating the transformative potential of genomics, precision medicine, and advanced diagnostics in optimizing patient outcomes. The integration of personalized treatment strategies has proven beneficial, particularly in conditions such as prostate cancer, kidney disease, bladder cancer, and recurrent UTIs. However, there are ongoing challenges regarding the widespread implementation of these personalized approaches, including cost, accessibility, and the need for standardized protocols. Further research is essential to address these barriers and to establish evidence-based guidelines that will help maximize the impact of personalized treatment in urology, ensuring better clinical outcomes for patients.