In this workshop, we will discuss: 1) An interdisciplinary approach to create new translational animal models of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction; 2) LUTD-induced augmented release of urothelial-derived transmitters such as ATP or acetylcholine and their impact in bladder nerve excitability; 3) Bladder desensitization by intravesical resiniferatoxin RTX, as treatment for refractory detrusor overactivity; 4) New pharmacological targets: VEGF receptors and neuropilins that are highly expressed in the human and mouse urothelium, down-regulated in patients with IC/PBS, and up-regulated by intravesical BCG therapy.